How to Treat Hammertoe

Hammertoe is a progressive disorder where the middle joint of the second, third, or fourth toe is bent, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. This deformity is progressive and although in some patients it progresses faster than others, hammertoe will only get worse over time.

Signs and Symptoms

Although the appearance of the toe is a big tip off to this condition, there are other symptoms of hammertoe. These include: irritation, pain, or burning on the toe where it rubs against the shoe, redness and inflammation at the joint of the toe, corns or calluses on the tip of the toe or the top of the middle joint, and, in severe cases, open sores on the affected toe.

What Causes Hammertoe?

Sometimes hammertoe is hereditary. It can also be caused by a past injury. The most common cause, however, is a muscle imbalance that occurs as a result of structural changes in the foot that happen to some people as they age. Wearing shoes that are too tight and cramp the toes for a long period of time is also linked to hammertoe.

Treatment

At Southern Maryland Foot & Ankle we believe that early intervention is critical in the treatment of hammertoe. In the early stages of hammertoe, the joints remain flexible and more likely to respond to treatment. As the deformity progresses, the joints can become rigid. Our podiatrists, Dr. Larry Hotchkiss, Dr. Jashan Valjee, and Dr. Gregory Cardinal will confirm a diagnosis of hammertoe after a complete exam of your foot, including digital x-rays, which can be done in either our Waldorf or Clinton office. Your foot doctor will then decide on the best treatment plan for you. It may include some or all of the following:

• Changes in footwear Choosing shoes that are roomy in the toe box and without high heels or other styles that force the toes into a cramped position can relieve hammertoe symptoms and slow down the progression of the deformity.
• Medications Over the counter anti-inflammatories, such as ibuprofen to reduce pain and inflammation. Depending on the severity of the pain, corticosteroid injections may also be prescribed for the same purpose.
• Padding Covering any corns or calluses with padding can keep them from being irritated by footwear.
• Orthotics A custom made orthotic device that goes inside your shoe may be able to help control the muscle imbalance
• Splints/Straps Your foot doctor may use splints or small straps to straighten and realign the bent toe.
• Surgery In severe cases, surgery may be the only option. Often patients with hammertoe have other deformities as well and your foot and ankle surgeon may be able to correct multiple problems at one time.

Early detection and treatment of hammertoe is extremely important. If you believe you may have this condition, please make an appointment at our Waldorf or Clinton office or request one online as soon as possible.